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Chapter 3 – Drainage Solutions

Question - 1 : -
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following describes the drainage patterns resembling the branches of a tree?
(a) Radial (c) Centrifugal
(b) Dendritic (d) Trellis

(ii) In which of the following states is the Wular Lake located?
(a) Rajasthan (c) Punjab
(b) Uttar Pradesh (d) Jammu and Kashmir

(iii) The river Narmada has its source at
(a) Satpura (c) Amarkantak
(b) Brahmagiri (d) Slopes of the Western Ghats

(iv) Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a) Sambhar (c) Wular
(b) Dal (d) Gobind Sagar

(v) Which one of the following is the longest river of the Peninsular India?
(a) Narmada (c) Godavari
(b) Krishna (d) Mahanadi

(vi) Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley?
(a) Damodar (c) Krishna
(b) Tungabhadra (d) Tapi

Answer - 1 : -

(i) (b) Dendritic 
(ii) (d) Jammu and Kashmir 
(iii) (c) Amarkantak 
(iv) (a) Sambhar 
(v) (c) Godavari 
(vi) (d) Tapi 

Question - 2 : -
Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.
(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India?
(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
(iv) Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga?
(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course?
(vi) Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?
(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.

Answer - 2 : -

(i) Any elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland, which separates two drainage basins is known as water divide; for example, the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems. Ambala is located on this water divide. The Western Ghats form the main water divide in Peninsular India.

(ii) The Ganga, which is over 2,500 km long, forms the largest river basin in India.

(iii) The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarowar.

The Ganga originates at the Gangotri Glacier on the southern slopes of the Himalayas.

(iv) The two headstreams of the Ganga are Bhagirathi and Alaknanda. They meet to form the Ganga at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.

(v) Since Tibet has a cold and dry climate, the Brahmaputra carries a smaller volume of water and less silt in this region.

(vi) Narmada and Tapi are the two peninsular rivers flowing through trough.

(vii) Economic benefits of rivers and lakes:

(a) Source of fresh water

(b) Irrigation

(c) Navigation

(d) Hydro-power generation

(e) Development of tourism

Question - 3 : -
Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories − natural and created by human beings.

(a) Wular

(b) Dal

(c) Nainital

(d) Bhimtal

(e) Gobind Sagar

(f) Loktak

(g) Barapani

(h) Chilika

(i) Sambhar

(j) Rana Pratap Sagar

(k) Nizam Sagar

(l) Pulicat

(m) Nagarjuna Sagar

(n) Hirakud

Answer - 3 : -

Natural lakes

Artificial or man-made lakes

Wular

Gobind Sagar

Dal

Rana Pratap Sagar

Nainital

Nizam Sagar

Bhimtal

Nagarjuna Sagar

Loktak

Hirakud

Barapani

–

Chilika

–

Sambhar

–

Pulicat

–

Question - 4 : -
Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers.

Answer - 4 : -

Apart from their difference of origin, the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers are different from each other in many ways. However, the significant difference between them is that while the Himalayan rivers are perennial rivers, the Peninsular rivers are seasonal. The Himalayan rivers have water throughout the year. They receive water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains. On the other hand, the flow of Peninsular rivers is dependent upon rainfall. During the dry season, even the large rivers have reduced flow of water in their channels.

Question - 5 : -
Compare the east-flowing and the west-flowing rivers of the Peninsular Plateau.

Answer - 5 : -

East-flowing rivers of the Peninsular Plateau

West-flowing rivers of the Peninsular Plateau

Major rivers flowing eastwards: Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri

Only two long rivers flow westwards: Narmada, Tapi

Flow into the Bay of Bengal

Flow into the Arabian Sea

Carry greater amount of sediments, so form deltas at their mouths

Carry lesser amount of sediments, so form estuaries at their mouths

Greater number of tributaries

Lesser number of tributaries

Question - 6 : -
Why are rivers important for the country’s economy?

Answer - 6 : -

Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout human history. Rivers, lakes, ice caps, ground water are the fresh water reserves of the Earth. Water is a basic natural resource, essential for various human activities. The water from the rivers is used for various domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. The presence of rivers boosts trade and commerce by helping in the easy transport of goods. They are also a potential source of energy. The water from rivers is used for running hydro-electric dams. Regions having rivers are usually of great scenic and recreational value, and hence, serve as good tourist spots.

Question - 7 : -
Project/Activity

Solve this crossword puzzle with the help of the given clues.

Across

1. Nagarjuna Sagar is a river valley project. Name the river?

2. The longest river of India.

3. The river which originates from a place known as Beas Kund.

4. The river which rises in the Betul district of MP and flows westwards.

5. The river which was known as the “Sorrow” if West Bengal.

6. The river on which the reservoir for Indira Gandhi canal has been built.

7. The river whose source lies near Rohtang Pass.

8. The longest river of Peninsular India.

Down

9. A tributary of Indus originating from Himachal Pradesh.

10. The river flowing through fault, drains into the Arabian Sea.

11. A river of South India, which receives rain water both in summer and winter.

12. A river which flows through Ladakh, Gilgit and Pakistan.

13. A important river of the Indian desert.

14. The river which joins Chenab in Pakistan.

15. A river which rises at Yamunotri glacier.

Answer - 7 : -

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