Marginalization is the social process of being confined to a lower social standing. Marginalization involves people being denied their fundamental rights which results in lowering their economic and social status.

Question - 2 : -
List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised?

Answer - 2 : -

Adivasis have been marginalised because:

They live on the margins of social, economic development.
They are poor, ‘low’ in social status.
They are less educated.
Most of them live in remote areas, and do not have access to towns/cities.

Question - 3 : -
Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities are very important?

Answer - 3 : -

Safeguards are needed to protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority and being marginalized.

Question - 4 : -
Re-read the section on Minorities and Marginalisation. What do you understand by the term minority?

Answer - 4 : -

Minority is the term which means the communities which are small in number in comparison to the communities which are more in numbers.

Example: Muslims are in minority as compared to Hindus.

Question - 5 : -
You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to support the . following statement: Muslims are a marginalised community.’ Using the data provided in this chapter, list two reasons that you would give.

Answer - 5 : -

43.2% of Hindus have access to electricity while only 30% of Muslims have access to electricity.

The above statistics support the statement that Muslims are a marginalised community in India.

Question - 6 : -
Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a friend and she remarks, “Look at these tribals. They look so exotic. And they seem to be , dancing all the time.” List three things that you would tell her about the lives of Adivasis in India.

Answer - 6 : -

Adivasi community is generally shown in a particular stereotype way:

They are portrayed in colourful costumes, headgear, sometimes made of leaves or skin of animals.
They are shown dancing with spears or hunting animals. This makes people believe that they are exotic, primitive, and backward.
Often they themselves are blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistant to change.
On the other side, Dance is a common act of most of the tribals on the occasion of:

Their festivals
Generally at the time of cutting crops

5. This is also their way of enjoying life.

For poor people, this is enjoyment at no or a little cost.

Question - 7 : -
In the storyboard, you read about how Helen hopes to make a movie on the Adivasi story. Can you help her by developing a short story on Adivasis?

Answer - 7 : -

Adivasis are primitive community living in and/or near forests:

Around 8% of India’s population is of Adivasis. Most important mining and industrial centers like Bokaro, Rourkela, Jameshdpur are located in their area.
They are not homogeneous populations: There are about 500 different Adivasi groups in India.
They are in large numbers in the states like Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, North Eastern States.
Odisha is home for at least 60 different tribal groups.
Other states where Adivasis live in sufficient numbers are:
Chattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.
They do not have a hierarchical social structure like other communities.
They are radically different from other Indian societies in which the caste system is there.

Question - 8 : -
Would you agree with the statement that economic and social marginalisation are interlinked? Why?

Answer - 8 : -

Yes, economic and social marginalisation is interlinked. When Adivasis were displaced from their lands, they lost much more than a source of income. They lost their traditions and customs – a way of living and being. Destruction in one sphere impacts the other.

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