Acids	Bases
1. Acids are sour to taste	1. Bases are bitter to taste.
2. Acids turn blue litmus red.	2. Bases turn red litmus blue.
3. Acid is defined as a substance which contains hydrogen ion.	3. A base is defined as a substance which contains hydroxyl ion.

Question - 2 : -
Ammonia is found in many household products, such as window cleaners. It turns red litmus blue. What is its nature?

Answer - 2 : -

Ammonia has basic nature.

Question - 3 : -
Name the source from which litmus solution is obtained. What is the use of this solution?

Answer - 3 : -

The extraction of litmus solution takes place from Lichens (a symbiotic association of algae and fungi). It is used to determine whether the given solution is acidic or basic.

Question - 4 : -
Is the distilled water acidic, basic or neutral? How would you verify it?

Answer - 4 : -

The nature of distilled water can be verified with the help of red and blue litmus paper. It shows no change with both kind of litmus paper, so distilled water is neutral.

Question - 5 : -
Describe the process of neutralisation with the help of an example.

Answer - 5 : -

The process in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water is known as neutralisation reaction. For example,

Question - 6 : -
Mark ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if it is false :
(i) Nitric acid turns red litmus blue. (T/F)
(ii) Sodium hydroxide turns blue litmus red. (T/F)
(iii) Sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid neutralise each other and form salt and water. (T/F)
(iv) Indicator is a substance which shows different colours in acidic and basic solutions. (T/F)
(v) Tooth decay is caused by the presence of a base. (T/F)

Answer - 6 : -

(i) F

(ii) F

(iii) T

(iv) T

(v) F

Question - 7 : -
Dorji has a few bottles of soft drink in his restaurant. But, unfortunately, these are not labelled. He has to serve the drinks on the demand of customers. One customer wants acidic drink, another wants basic and third one wants neutral drink. How will Dorji decide which drink is to be served to whom?

Answer - 7 : -

Dorji can decide with the help of litmus paper.

The drink which would turn a blue litmus red would be acidic.
The drink which would turn a red litmus blue would be basic.
The drink which would not affect either red or blue litmus would be neutral.

Question - 8 : -
Explain why :
(a) An antacid tablet is taken when you suffer from acidity.
(b) Calamine solution is applied on the skin when an ant bites.
(c) Factory waste is neutralised before disposing it into the water bodies.

Answer - 8 : -

(a) To relieve indigestion, we take an antacid such as milk of magnesia. It neutralises the effect of excessive acid.

(b) When an ant bites, it injects the acidic liquid into the skin. This acidic liquid is formic acid, which leads to inflammation to the skin. The effect of the sting can be neutralised by rubbing calamine solution which contains zinc carbonate. The zinc carbonate is a weak base and causes no harm to the skin.

(c) The wastes of many factories usually contain acids. If they are allowed to flow into the water bodies without neutralising it properly, then the acids will kill fish and other aquatic organisms. So factory wastes must be neutralised by adding some basic substances into the wastes before disposing these into water bodies.

Question - 9 : -
Three liquids are given to you. One is hydrochloric acid, another is sodium hydroxide and third is a sugar solution. How will you identify them? You have only turmeric indicator.

Answer - 9 : -

S.No.	Name of substance	Effect on turmeric indicator
1.	Hydrochloric acid	The yellow colour of turmeric turns blue
2.	Sodium hydroxide	The yellow colour of turmeric turns red
3.	Sugar solution	No change in turmeric colour

wer:

Question - 10 : -
Blue litmus paper is dipped in a solution. It remains blue. What is the nature of the solution? Explain.

Answer - 10 : -

We know that acids turn blue litmus paper red. According to the question, no colour changes of the litmus paper, it means the given solution is acidic.

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Chapter 5 Acids Bases and Salts Solutions

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