Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life Solutions
Question - 1 : - Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patientssuffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses withoutconsultation with the doctor, Why?
Answer - 1 : - but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor, Why?
Answer
Most drugs when taken in doses higher than recommended maycause harmful effects and sometimes, may even lead to death. Hence, a doctorshould always be consulted before taking any medicine.
With reference to which classification has the statement,‘ranitidine is an antacid” been given?
Answer - 2 : -
The given statement refers to the classification ofpharmacological effects of the drug. This is because any drug that is used tocounteract the effects of excess acid in the stomach is called an antacid.
Question - 3 : - Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?
Answer - 3 : -
A large number of people are suffering from diseases suchas diabetes and obesity. These people cannot take normal sugar i.e., sucrose asit is harmful for them. Therefore, artificial sweetening agents that do not addto the calorie intake of a person are required. Saccharin, aspartame, andalitame are a few examples of artificial sweeteners.
Question - 4 : - Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap fromglyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate.
Answer - 4 : -
Structural formulae of these compounds are given below.
(i)
(ii) 
Answer
(i)
(ii)
Following type of nom-ionic detergents are present inliquid detergents, emulsifying agents and wetting agents.
Answer - 5 : - Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the molecule. Identify the functional group (s) present in the molecule.
Answer
Functional groups present in the molecule are:
(i) Ether,and
(ii) primaryalcoholic group
Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways?
Answer - 6 : -
The classification of drugs and the reasons forclassification are as follows:
(i) On the basisof pharmacological effect:
This classification provides doctors the whole range ofdrugs available for the treatment of a particular type of problem. Hence, sucha classification is very useful to doctors.
(ii) On the basisof drug action:
This classification is based on the action of a drug on aparticular biochemical process. Thus, this classification is important.
(iii) On the basisof chemical structure:
This classification provides the range of drugs sharingcommon structural features and often having similar pharmacological activity.
(iv)On the basis of molecular targets:
This classification provides medicinal chemists thedrugs having the same mechanism of action on targets. Hence, it is the mostuseful to medicinal chemists.
Question - 7 : - Explain the term target molecules or drug targets as usedin medicinal chemistry.
Answer - 7 : -
In medicinal chemistry, drug targets refer to the keymolecules involved in certain metabolic pathways that result in specificdiseases. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are examples ofdrug targets.
Drugs are chemical agents designed to inhibit these targetmolecules by binding with the active sites of the key molecules.
Question - 8 : - Name the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
Answer - 8 : -
The macromolecules chosen as drug targets arecarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Question - 9 : - Why should not medicines be taken without consultingdoctors?
Answer - 9 : -
A medicine can bind to more than one receptor site. Thus,a medicine may be toxic for some receptor sites. Further, in most cases,medicines cause harmful effects when taken in higher doses than recommended. Asa result, medicines may be poisonous in such cases. Hence, medicines should notbe taken without consulting doctors.
Question - 10 : - Define the term chemotherapy.
Answer - 10 : -
The use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is calledchemotherapy. For example: the use of chemicals in the diagnosis, prevention,and treatment of diseases