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Chapter 9 Urban Livelihoods Solutions

Question - 1 : -
Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labour chowk. Most workers that we find at the labour chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation, and so sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay Rs 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safekeeping and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safely and also offer loans to labourers in need.

Source: Aman Sethi, Hindu On-line

Answer - 1 : -

  1. Their living conditions are very poor тАУ without any access to basic facilities like sanitation, drinking water.
  2. Due to lack of basic facilities, they will be prone to many diseases.
  3. As they live in poverty, they cannot access medical facilities.
  4. They do not have permanent jobs.
  5. They donтАЩt have access to education and they will continue living in poverty.

Question - 2 : - Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:

Name

Place of work

Earnings

Security of work

Benefits received

Work on their own or employed

Bachchu Manjhi

Rs 100 a day

Harpreet, Vandana

Work on their own

Nirmala

No security

Sudha

Company

Rs 30,000 p.m.

Answer - 2 : -

Name

Place of work

Earnings

Security of work

Benefits received

Work on their own or employed

Bachchu Manjhi

Rickshaw puller

Rs 100 a day

No security

No benefits

Work on their own

Harpreet, Vandana

Garment showroom

Good earnings

Yes license to do business

Growth in the business

Work on their own

Nirmala

Garment factory

Rs 80 per day for 8 hours

No security

Rs 40 for extra

Employed

Sudha

Company

Rs 30,000 p.m.

Secured

Paid leave, medical facilities, PF etc

Employed

Question - 3 : - In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.

Answer - 3 : -

Permanent job

Casual job

Working hours

Fixed

variable

Job Security

Secured

Not secured

Payments

Fixed

Not fixed

Paid holidays and leaves

Yes

No

Extra benefits

Yes

No

Question - 4 : -
What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?

Answer - 4 : -

She will get the following benefits.

  1. Access to medical facilities for her and her family.
  2. Access to facilities like Provident Fund
  3. Her job is permanent and secured
  4. She will get off on Government holidays and Sundays.

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