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Question -

Discuss the various forms of the Non-Cooperation Movement took in different parts of India. How did people understand Gandhiji?



Answer -

  1. The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, wished to start a full-fledged Non-Cooperation Movement.
  2. Gandhiji supported their call. He urged the Congress to campaign against тАЬPunjab wrongsтАЭ (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong and demand
  3. Different classes and groups, interpreting GandhijiтАЩs call in their own manner, protested in their own ways. Thus, people linked their movements to local grievances.
Examples:

  1. In Kheda, Gujarat, Patidar peasants organised non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British.
  2. In coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were
  3. In the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, tribals and poor peasants staged a number of тАЬforest satyagrahasтАЭ by sending their cattle into forests without paying grazing fee.
  4. In many forest villages, peasants declared swaraj and believed that тАЬGandhi RajтАЭ would be established.
  5. In Sind (now in Pakistan), Muslim traders and peasants supported the Khilafat call wholeheartedly.
  6. In Bengal, the Khilafat/Non-Cooperation alliance gave a strong communal unity and strength to the national movement.
  7. In Punjab, the Akali agitation of the Sikhs removed corrupt mahantsтАФsupported by the BritishтАФfrom their gurdwaras.
  8. In Assam, tea garden labourers shouted тАЬGandhi Maharaj ki Jaif. They demanded a big increase in their wages. They left the British-owned plantations declaring that they were following GandhijiтАЩs wish.
  9. In the Assamese Vaishnava, songs of the period the reference to Krishna, was Substituted by тАЬGandhi RajaтАЭ.
Understanding of Gandhiji by the people

  1. People thought of Gandhiji as a messiah, as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty.
  2. Gandhiji wished to build class unity, not class conflict, yet peasants could imagine that he would help them in their fight against zamindars.
  3. Agricultural labourers believed Mahatma Gandhi would provide them land and get taxes reduced.
  4. Common people credited Gandhiji with their own.

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