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Birth rate and death rate are fundamental concepts in Demography.
Birth rate: The birth rate is the total number of live births in a particular area (an entire country, a state, a district or other territorial unit) during a specified period (usually a year) divided by the total population of that area in thousands.
Death rate: It is the number of deaths per thousands persons in a year in a particular area, which can be the entire country, a state or any other territorial unit during a specified period.
Causes of slow birth rate:
Birth rate is relatively slow while the death rate can be brought down at much faster rate because the birth rate is a socio-cultural phenomenon that is relatively slow to change. By and large, increased levels of prosperity exert a strong downward pull on the birthrate.
On the other hand, death rate has been controlled by public health measures and medical advancement can control the death rate immediately.