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Question -

State the main issues in Indian politics in the period after 1989. What different configurations of political parties these differences lead to?



Answer -

The main issues in Indian politics in the period after 1989 were the five developments that were to make a long-lasting impact on our politics. These were:

  1. End of “Congress system”.
  2. ‘Mandal issue’.
  3. New Economic policy Reforms.
  4. Babri Masjid.
  5. The assassination of Rajiv Gandhi in May 1991 led to a defeat of Congress and emerged the era of Multi Party System when no single party secured majority in Lok Sabha elections since 1989. It led the era of coalition governments at the Centre, in which regional parties played a crucial role in forming ruling alliances. Since 1989, there have been nine governments at the centre either coalition government or minority government supported by other parties. In this phase, government could be formed only with the participation of many regional parties. The nineties also saw the emergence of powerful parties to represent Dalits and backward classes and regional assertions as well.

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