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Chapter 5 Primary Activities Solutions

Question - 11 : -
Differentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.

Answer - 11 : -

Nomadic Herding

Commercial Livestock Rearing

(i) In nomadic herding herders move with their animals from place to place, and rely on them totally for food, cloth and transportation.

(i) Commercial livestock rearing is a modern practice of rearing animals for export of animal products.

(ii) It is a primitive subsistence activity.

(ii) It is a modern scientific, market oriented activity.

(iii) Multiple animals are kept depending upon the region.

(iii) Single type of animals are kept.

(iv) Herders keep on moving with animals from one place to another according to availability of pasture and water. They also practice transhumance. The area of a tribe is decided by matter of tradition.

(iv) It is carried out on huge permanent ranches which are scientifically managed parcels

(v) Generally related to nomadic tribes

(v) Associated with western developed countries.

(vi) Little or no capital is utilized.

(vi) High capital intake and spent on caring, feeding, breeding of animals.

(vii) Primarily a subsistence activity, in which herder rely on animals for their need of food, cloth, transportation etc.

(vii) It is market oriented activity where animals like horse, sheep are reared to obtain products like meat, hides etc. for sales in national as well as international markets.

(viii) No modern technological support.

(viii) It is highly mechanized

Question - 12 : -
Discuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.

Answer - 12 : -

Originally introduced by the Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics, plantation agriculture is
distinct from other kinds of agricultural practises because of its specific features.
The characteristic features of this type of farming are:

  1. Profit oriented large-scale production system
  2. Large estates and plantations
  3. Huge capital investment
  4. Totally market oriented
  5. Scientific method of cultivation
  6. Cheap and large skilled labour supply
  7. Monoculture
  8. It is a link between agriculture and industry.
  9. They are provided with well-developed transportation facilities where raw material provided by them is processes.
Important Plantation Crops:

  1. The French established cocoa and coffee plantations in West Africa.
  2. The British set up
  3. Large tea gardens in India and Sri Lanka,
  4. Rubber plantations in Malaysia and
  5. Sugarcane and banana plantations in West Indies.
  6. Spanish and Americans invested heavily in coconut and sugarcane plantations in the Philippines.
  7. The Dutch once had monopoly over sugarcane plantation in Indonesia.
  8. Some coffee fazendas (large plantations) in Brazil are still managed by Europeans.

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