Question -
Answer -
The various components of human evolution are as follows.
(i) Brain capacity
(ii) Posture
(iii)Food / dietary preference and other important features
| Name | Brain capacity | Posture | Food | Features |
| 1. | Dryopithecus africans | --- | Knuckle walker, walked similar to gorillas and chimpanzees (was more ape-like) | Soft fruit and leaves | Canines large, arms and legs are of equal size |
| 2. | Ramapithecus | --- | Semi-erect (more man-like) | Seeds, nuts | Canines were small while molars were large. |
| 3. | Australopithecus africanus | 450 cm3 | Full erect posture, height (1.05 m) | Herbivorous (ate fruits) | Hunted with stone weapons, lived at trees, canines and incisors were small |
| 4. | Homo habilis | 735cm3 | Fully erect posture, height (1.5 m) | Carnivorous | Canines were small. They were first tool makers. |
| 5. | Homo erectus | 800-1100 cm3 | Fully erect posture, height(1.5-1.8 m ) | Omnivorous | They used stone and bone tools for hunting games. |
| 6. | Homo neanderthalnsis | 1300-1600 cm3 | Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.66 m) | Omnivorous | Cave dwellers, used hides to protect their bodies, and buried their dead |
| 7. | Homo sapiens fossilis | 1650 cm3 | Fully erect posture with height (1.8 m) | Omnivorous | They had strong jaw with teeth close together. They were cave dwellers, made paintings and carvings in the caves. They developed a culture and were called first modern men. |
| 8. | Homo sapiens sapiens | 1200-1600 cm3 | Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.8 m ) | Omnivorous | They are the living modern men, with high intelligence. They developed art, culture, language, speech, etc. They cultivated crops and domesticated animals. |