Question -
Answer -
The differences are as follows:
(a) Dominance and recessive
| Dominance | Recessive |
| In the presence or absence of a recessive trait, dominant factor or allele expresses itself | A recessive trait expresses itself only in the absence of a dominant trait |
| Example: In a pea plant, round seed, violet flower are dominant characters | Example – In a pea plant, white flower, dwarf plant etc are recessive characters |
(b) Homozygous and heterozygous
| Homozygous | Heterozygous |
| For a particular trait, homozygous contains two similar alleles | For a particular trait, heterozygous contains two different alleles |
| Only one type of gamete is produced | It produces more than one type of gamete – two different types of gametes to be precise |
| For homozygous, the genotype contains either recessive or dominant never both the alleles. Example- TT or tt | For heterozygous, the genotype possesses both recessive and dominant alleles. Example – Tt |
(c) Monohybrid and dihybrid
| Monohybrid | Dihybrid |
| It is a cross between parents differing in only one pair of contrasting characters | It is a cross between parents differing in two pairs of contrasting characters |
| Example – a cross between a dwarf and a tall pea plant | Example – a cross between yellow wrinkled seed and a green rounded seed |