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Chapter 1 Physical World Solutions

Question - 11 : -
Science, like any knowledge, can be put to good or bad use, depending on the user. Given below are some of the applications of science. Formulate your views on whether the particular application is good, bad or something that cannot be so clearly categorized.
(a) Mass vaccination against small pox to curb and finally eradicate this disease for the population. (This has already been successfully done in India).
(b) Television for eradication of illiteracy and for mass communication of news and ideas.
(c) Prenatal sex determination
(d) Computers for increase in work efficiency
(e) Putting artificial satellites into orbits around the Earth
(f) Development of nuclear weapons
(g) Development of new and powerful techniques of chemical and biological warfare. Purification of water for drinking.
(h) Plastic surgery
(i) Cloning

Answer - 11 : -

(a) Good
(b) Good
(c) Bad
(d) Good
(e) Good
(f) Bad
(g) Good
(h) Cannot clearly categorize
(i) Cannot clearly categorize

Question - 12 : -
India has had a long and unbroken tradition of great scholarship — in mathematics, astronomy, linguistics, logic and ethics. Yet, in parallel with this, several superstitious and obscurantistic attitudes and practices flourished in our society and unfortunately continue even today — among many educated people too. How will you use your knowledge of science to development strategies to counter these attitudes ?

Answer - 12 : -

In order to popularise scientific explanations of every day phenomenon, mass media like radio, television and  newspapers should be used.

Question - 13 : -
Though the law gives women equal status in India, many people hold unscientific views on a woman’s innatenature, capacity and intelligence, and in practice give them a secondary status and role. Demolish this view using scientific arguments, and by quoting examples of great women in science and other spheres ; and persuade yourself and others that, given equal opportunity, women are on par with men.

Answer - 13 : -

The nutrition contents of pre-natal and post-natal diet contributes a lot towards the development of human mind. If equal opportunities are afforded to both men and women then the female mind will be as efficient as male mind.

Question - 14 : -
“It is more important to have beauty in the equations of physics than to have them agree with experiments”. The great British physicist P.A.M. Dirac held this view. Criticize the statement. Look out for some equations and results in this book which strike you as beautiful.

Answer - 14 : -

Generally it is considered that physics is a dry subject and its main aim is to give qualitative and quantitative treatment i.e. any derived relation or equation must be verified through experimentation. It is felt that truth of an equation is more important than the simplicity, wonderfulness, symmetry or beauty of the equation. But frankly, if a relation is true to experimentation and simultaneously it is simple, interesting, symmetrical, wonderful or beautiful, it will certainly add to the charm of the relation.

Question - 15 : -
Though the statement quoted above may by disputed, most physicists do have a feeling that the great laws of physics are at once simple and beautiful. Some of the notable physicists, besides Dirac, who have articulated this feeling are : Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, Chandrasekhar and Feynman. You are urged to make special efforts to get access to the general books and writings by these and other great masters of physics. (See the Bibliography at the end of this book). Their writings are truly inspiring.

Answer - 15 : -

General books on Physics make an interesting reading. Students are advised to consult a good Library. ‘Surely you are joking, Mr. Feynman’ by Feynman is one of the books that would amuse the students. Some other interesting books are : Physics for the inquiring mind by EM Rogers ; Physics, Foundations and Frontiers by G. Gamow ; Thirty years that shook Physics by G. Gamow ; Physics can be Fun by Perelman.

Question - 16 : -
Textbooks on science may give you wrong impression that studying science is dry and all too serious and that scientists are absent-minded introverts who never laugh or grin. This image of science and scientists is patently false. Scientists, like any other group of humans, have their share of humorists, and may have led their lives with a great sense of fun and adventure, even as they seriously pursued their scientific work. Two great physicists of this genre are Gamow and Feynman. You will enjoy reading their books listed in the Bibliography.

Answer - 16 : -

True, scientists like any other group of humans have their share of humorists ; lively, jovial, fun loving, adventurists people. Some of them are absent minded introverts too. Students are advised to go through books by two great Physicists, Feynman and Gamow to realise this view.

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