Question -
Answer -
(a). Now, as soon as the stop cock is opened the gas will start flowing from cylinder P to cylinder Q which is completely evacuated and thus the volume of the gas will be doubled because both the cylinders have equal capacity. And since the pressure is inversely proportional to volume, hence the pressure will get decreased to half of the original value.
Since, the initial pressure of the gas in cylinder P is 1 atm. Therefore, the pressure in each of the cylinder will now be 0.5 atm.
(b). Here, in this case, the internal energy of the gas will not change i.e. ΔU = 0. It is because the internal energy can change only when the work is done by the system or on the system. Since in this case, no work is done by the gas or on the gas.
Therefore, the internal energy of the gas will not change.
c) There will be no change in the temperature of the gas. It is because during the expansion of gas there is no work being done by the gas.
Therefore, there will be no change in the temperature of the gas in this process.
d). The above case is the clear case of free expansion and free expansion is rapid and it cannot be controlled. The intermediate states do not satisfy the gas equation and since they are in non – equilibrium states, they do not lie on the Pressure-Volume – Temperature surface of the system