Chapter 4 Microprocessor and Memory Concepts Solutions
Question - 11 : - What do you understand by registers ? Give the name of two registers.
Answer - 11 : - It is a small amount of very fast memory that is built into the CPU. It is very expensive. Accumulator and program counter are two registers.
Question - 12 : - Write the characteristics on the basis of which microprocessors are differentiated.
Answer - 12 : -
1. Instruction Set
2.Bandwidth
3. Clock Speed
Question - 13 : - Expand the following :
Answer - 13 : -
- RISC : Reduced Instruction Set Computing.
- CISC : Complex Instruction Set Computing.
- EPIC : Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing.
Question - 14 : - Explain the following :
Answer - 14 : -
1. CISC : It is acronym for Complex Instruction Set computing. The CISC architecture contains a large set of computer instructions that range from very simple to very complex and specialized.
2. RISC : It is acronym for Reduced Instructions Set Computing. It has relatively limited number of instructions. It is designed to perform relatively small number of operations so that it can operate at higher speed.
3. EPIC : It is acronym for Explicitly Parallel
Instruction Computing. It refers to architecture in which features are provided to facilitate compiler enhancements of Instruction Level Parallelism in all programs while keeping hardware complexity relatively low.
Question - 15 : - Write RISC Approach.
Answer - 15 : -
RISC processors only use simple instructions that can be executed within one clock cycle. Thus, the “MULT” command could be divided into three separate commands: “LOAD,” which moves data from the memory bank to a register, “PROD,” which finds the product of two operands located within the registers, and “STORE,” which moves data from a register to the memory banks. In order to perform the exact series of steps described in the CISC approach, a programmer would need to code four lines of assembly :
LOAD A, 2 : 3 LOAD B, 5 : 2
PROD A, B STORE 2:3, A
Question - 16 : - Write CISC Approach.
Answer - 16 : - The primary goal of CISC architecture is to complete a task in as few lines of assembly aspossible. This is achieved by building processor hardware that is capable of understanding and executing a series of operations. For this particular task, a CISC processor would come prepared with a specific instruction (we’ll call it “MULT”). When executed, this instruction loads the two values into separate registers, multiplies the operands in the execution unit, and then stores the product in the appropriate register. Thus, the entire task of multiplying two numbers can be completed with one instruction : MULT 2:3, 5:2.
Question - 17 : - Wtite examples of CISC processors.
Answer - 17 : -
Examples of CISC processors are :
• System/360(excluding the ‘scientific’ Model 44).
• VAX.
• PDP-11.
• Motorola 68000 family
• Intel x86 architecture based processors.
Question - 18 : - Write any four points about RISC.
Answer - 18 : -
Reduced Instruction Set Computer have :
• Small number of instructions.
• Instruction size constant.
• Bans the indirect addressing mode.
• Retains only those instructions that can be overlapped and made to execute in one machine cycle or less.
Question - 19 : - What do you mean by CD-ROM ?
Answer - 19 : - CD-ROM is a non-volatile optical data storage medium using the same physical format as audio compact disk, readable by a computer with a CD- ROM drive. The standard 12cm diameter CD- ROM store about 660 megabytes.
Question - 20 : - What is Blu-ray ?
Answer - 20 : - Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BD), is the name of a new optical disk format that offers more than five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs.