Data is derived from a word ‘datum’ i.e. a fact. Data is a collection of raw facts and figures. Data processing system is a computer based system which converts data into information.

Question - 13 : -
What is the difference between data and information ?

Answer - 13 : -

Data : Data means facts and figures. Data is unprocessed information. For example : Siddharth, 40400195, M.

Information : Information means what we get after processing data i.e., processed data. In other words, information is processed data.

For example :

NAME	ROLL NUMBER	GENDER
Siddharth	40400195	M

Question - 14 : -
What is the function of memory ? What are the types of it ?

Answer - 14 : -

The memory stores data temporarily or permanently.

Computer memory is of two types :

1. Primary Memory (Main Memory) : The primary or main memory holds the data and information during processing. It holds data temporarily, as we switch off computer the information vanishes.

For example : RAM.

2. Secondary Memory : It can store data perma-nently on the computer but it cannot process data. It is meant for permanent storage of data and information.

For example : CD-ROM, DVD-ROM.

Question - 15 : -
What is a bit ? How bit, byte and nibbles are related to each other ?

Answer - 15 : -

Bit (Binary Digit) : A bit is the smallest elementary unit of memory, which can store one binary signal either 0 or 1. A group of 8 bits is called a byte. A group of 4 bits is called a nibble.

Question - 16 : -
What do you mean by Input Unit ? Give the examples of Input Unit.

Answer - 16 : -

Input Unit : An input unit takes the input and converts it into binary form so that it can be understood by CPU for processing accordingly. For example : Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Scanner, Camera, Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR), Bar Code Reader (BCR) etc.

Question - 17 : -
What is the function of CPU in a computer system ?

Answer - 17 : -

The CPU is the control center for a computer. It controls, directs and manages the entire performance of the computer. The CPU has two different parts which are responsible for different functions.

Question - 18 : -
Differentiate between source program and object program.

Answer - 18 : -

Source Program : A program which is written by the programmer in high level language or in assembly language, which is to be converted into machine language by the compiler is known as source program.

Object Program : The source program is converted into machine level instruction for execution. This converted program (in the machine language) is known as an object program.

Question - 19 : -
Explain Primary Memory Unit.

Answer - 19 : -

Memory Unit stores the data, instructions, intermediate results and output temporarily, during the processing of data. This memory is also called the main memory or primary memory of the computer. The input data that is to be processed is brought into the main memory before processing.

Question - 20 : -
Explain what is a computer and write its advantage.

Answer - 20 : -

A computer is an electronic device which can perform various operations correctly and fast. For example data processing, huge calculations etc. Characteristics of computer :

1. Speed : Its speed is very fast. A modern computer can execute millions of instructions in one second.

2. Accuracy : A computer can give accurate results up to 20 to 30 places of decimal.

3. High storage capacity : A computer can store large amount of data in very small space.

4. Versatility : A computer c3n do different types of tasks like data processing, graphics, audio and visual effects.

5. Repetitive: A computer makes no mistake in repeating anything as many times.

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Chapter 1 Computer overview and its Basics Solutions

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