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Chapter 9 Hydrogen Solutions

Question - 31 : - What is the difference between the terms ‘hydrolysis’ and ‘hydration’?

Answer - 31 : - Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with water under neutral, acidic or alkaline conditions.

Question - 32 : - How can saline hydrides remove traces of water from organic compounds?

Answer - 32 : -

Saline hydrides (i.e, CaH2 NaH etc.) react with water and form thecorresponding metal hydroxide with the liberation of H2 gas. Thus, these hydrides can be used to removetraces of water from the organic compounds.
NaH(s) + H2O(l) ———–> NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
CaH2(s) + 2H2O(l) ———> Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Question - 33 : - What do you expect the nature of hydrides is, if formed by elements of atomic numbers 15,19, 23 and 44 with dihydrogen? Compare their behaviour towards water.

Answer - 33 : - Atomic No. 15 is of phosphorus. The hydride is PH3 and its nature is covalent. Atomic No. (Z = 19) is of potassium. The hydride is KH and it is ionic in nature. Atomic No. (Z = 23) is of vanadium. The hydride is VH. It is interstitial or metallic. Atomic No. 44 is of ruthenium, its hydride is interstitial or metallic.

Question - 34 : - Do you expect different products in solution when aluminium (III) chloride and potassium chloride treated separately with (i) normal water (ii) acidified water (iii) alkaline water? Write equation wherever necessary.

Answer - 34 : -

Question - 35 : -

How does H2O2 behaveas a bleaching agent?

Answer - 35 : -

Bleaching action of H2O2 is due to the oxidation of colouring matterby nascent oxygen.
H2O2(Z) ———> H2O(Z) + O(g)

Question - 36 : -
What do you understand by the terms:
(i) Hydrogen economy (ii) hydrogenation (iii) syngas (iv) water-gas shift reaction
(v) fuel-cell?

Answer - 36 : -

(i) Hydrogen economy: The basic principle of hydrogen economy is the storage and transportation of energy in the form of liquid or gaseous dihydrogen.
(ii) Hydrogenation: Hydrogenation means addition of hydrogen across double and triple bonds in presence of catalyst to form saturated compounds.
(iii) Syngas: The mixture of CO and H2 are called synthesis or syngas. It can be produced by the reaction of steam on hydrocarbon or coke at high temperature in the presence of nickel catalyst
(iv) Water-gas shift reaction: The amount of hydrogen in the syngas can be increased by the action of CO of syngas mixture with steam in the presence of iron chromate as catalyst.This is called water-gas shift reaction.
(v) Fuel-Cell: It is a cell which converts chemical energy of fuel directly into electrical energy.

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