Question -
Answer -
Inner shells increase as we move down the group. Thus, the shielding effect of valence electrons increases by inner core electrons from the nucleus. Thus, the attractive force on electrons towards the nucleus is very strong. So, ionization enthalpy decreases as we move down the group. Hence for elements of group 13 the ionization enthalpy decreases as we move down from B to Al.
Here, Ga is having high ionization enthalpy than that of Al. This is because Al comes after the s-blocks elements, while Ga comes after the d-blocks elements. The shielding that is provided by electrons of d-block elements is not effective. So, the valence electrons are not shielded effectively. Thus, valence electrons in Ga atom experience higher effective nuclear charge compared to Al.
Further on moving down from Ga to In, the value of ionization enthalpy is decreased because of the increase in the shielding effect and an increase in atomic size.
But, Tl is having high ionization enthalpy than that of In. This is because Tl comes after the ‘4f and 5d electrons’. The shielding that is provided by these ‘4f and 5d electrons’ is not effective. So, the valence electrons are not shielded effectively. Thus, valence electrons in Tl atom experience higher effective nuclear charge compared to In.