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Solvayprocess is used to prepare sodium carbonate.
Whencarbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a brine solution saturated with ammonia,sodium hydrogen carbonate is formed. This sodium hydrogen carbonate is thenconverted to sodium carbonate.
Step 1: Brine solution issaturated with ammonia.
Thisammoniated brine is filtered to remove any impurity.
Step 2: Carbon dioxide isreacted with this ammoniated brine to result in the formation of insolublesodium hydrogen carbonate.
NH3+H2O+CO2→NH4HCO3NaCl+NH4HCO3→NaHCO3+NH4Cl
Step 3: The solutioncontaining crystals of NaHCO3 is filtered toobtain NaHCO3.
Step 4: NaHCO3 is heated stronglyto convert it into NaHCO3.
Step 5: To recover ammonia, thefiltrate (after removing NaHCO3) is mixed with Ca(OH)2 and heated.
Ca(OH)2+2NH4Cl→2NH3+2H2O+CaCl2
Theoverall reaction taking place in Solvay process is 