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Chapter 18 Body Fluids and Circulation Solutions

Question - 11 : - What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of heart?

Answer - 11 : -

The atrio-ventricular bundle (AV) originating from the AV-node passes the cardiac impulse to the walls of the ventricles whereas the atrio-ventricular node(AVN) conveys the impulse from the SA node. Both AVN and AV are triggered by the action potential that is originated by the sino-atrial node thereby conducting the stimulus to the other parts of the heart. This causes a heart beat which is conducted to various other parts of the heart.

Question - 12 : - Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.

Answer - 12 : -

Cardiac cycle:

  1. The alternate contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart causes the blood to circulate in the heart.
  2. Relaxation or expansion phase is also referred to as diastole whereas contraction is also referred to as systole
  3. Every systole is followed by a diastole
  4. Cardiac cycle is the series of events that take place in one complete heart beat. It lasts for about 0.8 seconds
Cardiac output:

  1. It is the amount of blood that is pumped by each of the ventricle in a minute
  2. It is given by:
Cardiac output = stroke volume x number of heart beats per minute

Question - 13 : - Explain heart sounds.

Answer - 13 : -

A heart beat generates two sounds – lub and dub, produced in every cardiac cycle. The sound is produced in a sequence, in-sync with every heartbeat. ‘Lub’ is the first sound and is low pitched. It is caused when the bicuspid valve and the tricuspid valve closes. ‘Dub’ is the second sound which arises when the semi-lunar valve closes. This sound is high- pitched. Both the sounds are significant in the diagnosis of any disorder of the heart.

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