Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy Solutions
Question - 21 : - Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.
Answer - 21 : - The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 was introduced with an aim to ensure guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year to all those who are in need of work. It also states that in the case of employment not being provided under this act, employment wages will be given to those left unemployed. Additional employment opportunities need to be created for people in villages and smaller towns.
Question - 22 : - Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.
Answer - 22 : - In the private sector, the assets and industries are owned by individuals and in the public sectors industries and enterprises are owned by the Government. Private sector works to earn profits and the public sector works to provide facilities to the public and to earn profits. The common examples of the public sector that we can see around us are Government Banks, Post Offices, municipal hospital and Indian railways. The common examples of the private sector that we can see around us are IT companies, malls and multiplexes, etc.
Question - 23 : - Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.
Answer - 23 : -
| | Well Managed Organisation | Badly Managed Organisation |
| Public Sector | | |
| Private Sector | | |
Answer: Students must answer this question based on their own observations.
Question - 24 : - Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
Answer - 24 : - The public sector activities are set for the betterment of the public itself. The reason the government has taken up the public sector is so that proper facilities can be provided to the people of the country. Banks, transport, irrigation, electricity, water and all the basic things that are necessary for people, come under the public sector. Providing these facilities to its citizens is the responsibility of the Government.
Question - 25 : - Explain how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.
Answer - 25 : - The public sector is the sector that comes under the government of India. The reason for the government to take responsibility for this sector is because the basic necessities of people including water, electricity, irrigation, all fall under this category. If these departments are left unattended, it will result in the downfall of the economy of a country because the growth of the country would stop. The economic development of a country depends upon the development of the people and if people are deprived of the basic necessities, the country’s economic development would be affected. Government encourages small and large industries to flourish and provides employment under this section.
Question - 26 : - The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.
Answer - 26 : -
The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units, which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. The workers in the unorganised sector need protection:
Wages: The income of workers in the unorganised sector is not fixed and they are barely able to meet the needs to lead a decent livelihood. Hence proper and fixed wages should be given to these workers so that they can grow and contribute to the growth of the country. For example – a painter only gets paid the wages for the days he works and on the other days, he is jobless and is able to earn nothing.
Safety: No safety is provided to the workers working in the unorganised sector. There is no job security and anyone can be fired and removed from their work as per the requirement of the labourers. For example – A labour working in the construction of a building is left with no work once the construction is complete and has no guarantee of getting work again.
Health: Health is a very important factor for the growth and development of the country. The unorganised sector is given no medical security and if any accident occurs while they are working, the employer is not responsible for their health. For example – there is no sick leave for labourers working on daily wages.
Question - 27 : - A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector.
Answer - 27 : - The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?
Answer
| Total Workers | Workers in Unorganised Sector | Total Income of City (1997-1998) | Income generated by organised sector | Income generated by unorganised sector |
| 15,00,000 | 11,00,000 | 60,000 million | 32,000 million | 28,000 million |
The table clearly shows that the income generated in unorganised sector is close to 50% of the total income of Ahmedabad. In order to increase employment opportunities for the people more industries should be set up, proper education must be provided to all and proper facilities under the public sector must be provided to all.
Answer - 28 : -
| Year | Primary | Secondary | Tertiary |
| 2000 | 52,000 | 48,500 | 1,33,500 |
| 2013 | 8,00,500 | 10,74,000 | 38,68,000 |
Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.Answer
In 1950, the share of primary sector in GDP was 57.97%, the secondary section was 13.77% and the tertiary sector was 28.26%. In the year 2000, the share of the Primary sector in GDP was 27.33%, the secondary section was 24.37% and the tertiary sector was 48.30%.