Question - 3 : - Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.

Answer - 3 : -

Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to that of Belgium – There is power-sharing between the union government and state government.

Feature in the practice of federalism in India that is different from that of Belgium – India has no community government in practice, while Belgium has one.

Question - 4 : - What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one? Explain with an example.

Answer - 4 : -

Federal Form	Unitary Form
There is a sharing of power between union and state government.	The power is centralised with the union government, and there is no role of state governments.
Example – India (India is a federal country with union government at the centre and state governments at the state level and Panchayati Raj at the local level.)	Example – Sri Lanka (The national government has all the powers.)

Question - 5 : - State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.

Answer - 5 : -

Local Government Pre-1992	Local Government Post Constitutional Amendment 1992
Elections to these local governments were not held regularly	Now, it is constitutionally mandated to hold regular elections to local government bodies
Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own.	The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State

Question - 6 : - Fill in the blanks:

Answer - 6 : -

Since the United States is a ___________________ type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are ______________vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a _____________________ type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the ____________ government has more powers.

Answer.

Since the United States is a coming together type of the federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are strong vis-à-vis the federal government. But India is a holding together type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India, the central government has more powers.

Question - 7 : - Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.

Answer - 7 : -

Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.

Arman: the Language-based States have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.

Harish: This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.

Answer.

The policy of accommodation mentioned by Sangeeta is a correct reaction to the language policy followed in India. Due to this policy, India stands in unity with states having different languages. Had India not followed the policy of accommodation, several states could have proposed separation from the country.

Question - 8 : - The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:

Answer - 8 : -

a. The national government gives some powers to the provincial governments.

b. Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.

c. Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.

d. Governmental power is divided between different levels of government

Answer.

d. Governmental power is divided between different levels of government

Question - 9 : - A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here.

Answer - 9 : -

Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.

A. Defence

B. Police

C. Agriculture

D. Education

E. Banking

F. Forests

G. Communications

H. Trade

Union List
State List
Concurrent List

Answer.

Union List	Defence	Communications	Banking
State List	Police	Agriculture	Trade
Concurrent List	Education	Forests	Marriages

I. Marriages

Question - 10 : - Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and

Answer - 10 : - the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

State government	State List
Central government	Union List
Central and State governments	Concurrent List
Local governments	Residuary powers

Answer:

Local governments

Residuary powers

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