The iron and steel industry is referred to as the backbone of the modem industry. This is so because it is a “feeder” industry whose products are used as raw materials for other industries.

Question - 4 : -
Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Answer - 4 : -

Cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai because of the following reasons:

First mill established in Mumbai in 1854.
Warm and moist climate.
Port facility for importing machinery.
Availability of raw materials.
Availability of skilled labour.

Question - 5 : -
What are the similarities between the information technology industry in Bangalore and California?

Answer - 5 : -

Some of the points of similarity between the information technology industry in Bangalore and Silicon Valley are:

Educational and technological institutions: Bangalore has the largest number of educational institutions and IT colleges in India and Silicon Valley is also situated close to some reputed scientific and technological centres of the world.
Environment: Both of Bangalore and Silicon Valley have low pollution levels and have a clean environment.

Question - 6 : -
Tick the correct answer.
1. Silicon Valley is located in
(a) Bangalore
(b) California
(c) Ahmedabad.

2. Which one of the following industries is known as the sunrise industry?
(a) Iron and steel industry
(b) Cotton textile
(c) Information technology.

3. Which one of the following is a natural fibre?
(a) nylon
(b) jute
(c) acrylic

Answer - 6 : -

(b) California
(c) Information technology.
(b) jute

Question - 7 : -
Distinguish between the following.
(1) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
(2) Public sector and joint sector industry.

Answer - 7 : -

(1) Distinctionbetween Agro-based and Mineral-based Industry

Agro-hased Industries	Mineral-based Industries
1. The industries which obtain raw materials from agriculture are called agro-based industries. 2. These industries provide employment in rural areas. 3. Agro-based industries are mostly in private or co-operative sectors. 4. Examples: Jute, sugar, cotton textile, vegetable oil and plantation.	1. Industries based on minerals for their raw materials are termed as mineral-based industries. 2. They provide employment both to rural and urban labour. 3. These industries are generally located in public sector due to huge investments involved. 4. Examples: Iron and steel industry, machine tools industry.

(2) Distinctionbetween Public Sector and Joint Sector Industry

Public Sector Industry

Joint Sector Industry

1. The industry which is owned and controlled by State Govt, or the Central Govt, is called Public Sector Industry.

2 Examples: Indian Railways, Steel plants at Durgapur, Bhilai, HMT, Heavy Electrical, etc.

1. The industry which is owned and controlled by government and individuals are called joint sector industries.

2. Examples: Cement industries, paper industries, information technology, MUL (Maruti Udyog Limited).

Question - 8 : -
Give two examples of the following in the space provided :

(i) Raw Materials: _____________ and _____________________
(ii) End products: _______________ and _________________________
(iii) Tertiary Activities: ________________ and __________
(iv) Agro-based Industries: ____________ and ____________
(v) Cottage Industries: ___________ and ________________
(vi) Co-operatives: ______________________ and _____________

Answer - 8 : -

(i) Iron ore and Cotton

(ii) Steel and Cloth

(iii) Transport and banking

(iv) Dairy and Sugar

(v) pottery and basket weaving

(vi) Mother Dairy and Anand Milk Union Limited (Amul)

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