The sun’s heat causes evaporation of water from various water bodies.
These vapors cools down, it condenses and forms clouds.
Once the clouds reach saturation point, the water comes down in form of precipitation —rain, snow, dew, sleet etc.
Rate of evaporation depends upon the sun’s heat and absorption capacity of air.
The process in which the water changes its form and circulates between land, ocean, and air is called the water cycle.

Question - 3 : -
What are the factors affecting the height of the waves?

Answer - 3 : -

Factors affecting the height of the waves:

Winds
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides on the bottom of the oceans.

Question - 4 : -
Which factors affect the movement of ocean water?

Answer - 4 : -

Factors affecting the movement of ocean water:

Temperature
Winds
The gravitational pull of the sun, the earth, and the moon
Shape of continents
Warm and cold currents
Salinity

Question - 5 : -
What are tides and how are they caused?

Answer - 5 : -

The rhythmic rise and fall of the ocean water twice a day is called tide.

There are two types of tides—the high tide or the spring tide and low tide or the neap tide.
The strong gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface cause the tides.
The water of the earth closer to the moon gets pulled under the influence of the moon’s gravitational pull that causes tides.

Question - 6 : -
What are ocean currents?

Answer - 6 : -

Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions. They may be warm or cold currents:

Warm currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. They bring about warm temperatures over land surfaces, for example, the Gulf stream.
Cold currents originate near poles and move towards tropical or lower latitudes. They bring about coolness over land surfaces, for example, Labrador current.

Question - 7 : -
Give reasons.
Ocean water is salty.

Answer - 7 : - Ocean water is salty because it contains a large number of dissolved salts. Most of this salt is sodium chloride or common table salt.

Question - 8 : -
Give reasons.
The quality of water is deteriorating.

Answer - 8 : -

The quality of water is deteriorating because of the following reasons:

The decrease in the water table.
Mixing of industrial effluents and untreated water of industries into the streams, rivers, and even oceans.
Mixing of sewerage water into the rivers etc.
Excessive use of water causing scarcity.
Throwing of dead bodies, havan ashes, vegetables, and flowers into the sea.
Bathing of animals into the water bodies.
Dirt and dust storms also pollute water.

Question - 9 : -
Tick the correct answer.
(i) The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land
(a) Water cycle
(b) Tides
(c) Ocean currents

(ii) Generally the warm ocean currents originate near
(a) Poles
(b) Equator
(c) None of these

(iii) The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called
(a) Tide
(b) Ocean current
(c) Wave

Answer - 9 : -

(i) (a) Water

(ii) (b) the Equator.

(iii)(a) Tide.

Question - 10 : -
Match the following.
(i) Caspian Sea (a) the Largest lake
(ii) Tide (b) Periodic rise and fall of water
(iii) Tsunami (c) Strong seismic waves
(iv) Ocean currents (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths
(e) Water cycle

Answer - 10 : -

(i) Caspian Sea (a) the Largest lake

(ii) Tide (b) Periodic rise and fall of water

(iii) Tsunami (c) Strong seismic waves

(iv) Ocean currents (d) Streams of water moving along definite paths

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