Arithmetic Progressions Ex 5.1 Solutions
Question - 1 : - In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make as arithmetic progression and why?
Answer - 1 : -
(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare is ₹ 15 for the first km and ₹ 8 for each additional km.
(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes 14 of the air remaining in the cylinder at a time.
(iii) The cost of digging a well after every meter of digging, when it costs ₹ 150 for the first meter and rises by ₹ 50 for each subsequent meter.
(iv) The amount of money in the account every year, when ₹ 10000 is deposited at compound interest at 8% per annum.
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Question - 2 : - Write first four terms of the A.P. when the first term a and the common difference are given as follows:
Answer - 2 : -
(i) a = 10, d = 10
(ii) a = -2, d = 0
(iii) a = 4, d = – 3
(iv) a = -1 d = 1/2
(v) a = – 1.25, d = – 0.25
Solution
(i) a = 10, d =10
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progressionseries be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = 10
a2 = a1+d = 10+10 = 20
a3 = a2+d = 20+10 = 30
a4 = a3+d = 30+10 = 40
a5 = a4+d = 40+10 = 50
And so on…
Therefore, the A.P. series will be 10, 20, 30,40, 50 …
And First four terms of this A.P. will be 10,20, 30, and 40.
Solution
(ii) a = – 2, d =0
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progressionseries be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = -2
a2 = a1+d = – 2+0 = – 2
a3 = a2+d = – 2+0 = – 2
a4 = a3+d = – 2+0 = – 2
Therefore, the A.P. series will be – 2, – 2, –2, – 2 …
And, First four terms of this A.P. will be –2, – 2, – 2 and – 2.
Solution
(iii) a = 4, d =– 3
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progressionseries be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = 4
a2 = a1+d = 4-3 = 1
a3 = a2+d = 1-3 = – 2
a4 = a3+d = -2-3 = – 5
Therefore, the A.P. series will be 4, 1, – 2 –5 …
And, first four terms of this A.P. will be 4,1, – 2 and – 5.
Solution
(iv) a = – 1, d =1/2
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progressionseries be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a2 = a1+d = -1+1/2 = -1/2
a3 = a2+d = -1/2+1/2 = 0
a4 = a3+d = 0+1/2 = 1/2
Thus, the A.P. series will be-1, -1/2, 0, 1/2
And First four terms of this A.P. will be -1,-1/2, 0 and 1/2.
Solution
(v) a = – 1.25, d =– 0.25
Let us consider, the Arithmetic Progressionseries be a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 …
a1 = a = – 1.25
a2 = a1 + d = –1.25-0.25 = – 1.50
a3 = a2 + d = –1.50-0.25 = – 1.75
a4 = a3 + d = –1.75-0.25 = – 2.00
Therefore, the A.P series will be 1.25, –1.50, – 1.75, – 2.00 ……..
And first four terms of this A.P. will be –1.25, – 1.50, – 1.75 and – 2.00.
Question - 3 : - For the following APs, write the first term and the common difference:
Answer - 3 : -
(i) 3, 1, -1, -3, ……
(ii) -5, -1, 3, 7, ……
(iii) 13 , 53 , 93, 133 , ……..
(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, …….
Solution
Question - 4 : - Which of the following are APs? If they form an A.P. find the common difference d and write three more terms.
Answer - 4 : -
(i) 2, 4, 8, 16 …
(ii) 2, 5/2, 3, 7/2 ….
(iii) -1.2, -3.2, -5.2, -7.2 …
(iv) -10, – 6, – 2, 2 …
(v) 3, 3 + √2, 3 + 2√2, 3 + 3√2
(vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222 ….
(vii) 0, – 4, – 8, – 12 …
(viii) -1/2, -1/2, -1/2, -1/2 ….
(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27 …
(x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a …
(xi) a, a2, a3, a4 …
(xii) √2, √8, √18, √32 …
(xiii) √3, √6, √9, √12 …
(xiv) 12, 32, 52, 72 …
(xv) 12, 52, 72, 73 …
Solution
(i) Given to us,
2, 4, 8, 16 …
Here, the common difference is;
a2 – a1 = 4 – 2 = 2
a3 – a2 = 8 – 4 = 4
a4 – a3 = 16 – 8 = 8
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is not the same every time.
Therefore, the given series are not forming anA.P.
Solution
(ii) Given, 2, 5/2,3, 7/2 ….
Here,
a2 – a1 = 5/2-2 = 1/2
a3 – a2 = 3-5/2 = 1/2
a4 – a3 = 7/2-3 = 1/2
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = 1/2 andthe given series are in A.P.
The next three terms are;
a5 = 7/2+1/2 = 4
a6 = 4 +1/2 = 9/2
a7 = 9/2 +1/2 = 5
Solution
(iii) Given,-1.2, – 3.2, -5.2, -7.2 …
Here,
a2 – a1 = (-3.2)-(-1.2) = -2
a3 – a2 = (-5.2)-(-3.2) = -2
a4 – a3 = (-7.2)-(-5.2) = -2
Since, an+1 – an orcommon difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = -2 and thegiven series are in A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = – 7.2-2 = -9.2
a6 = – 9.2-2 = – 11.2
a7 = – 11.2-2 = – 13.2
Solution
(iv) Given, -10, –6, – 2, 2 …
Here, the terms and their difference are;
a2 – a1 = (-6)-(-10) = 4
a3 – a2 = (-2)-(-6) = 4
a4 – a3 = (2 -(-2) = 4
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = 4 and thegiven numbers are in A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = 2+4 = 6
a6 = 6+4 = 10
a7 = 10+4 = 14
Solution
(v) Given, 3, 3+√2,3+2√2, 3+3√2
Here,
a2 – a1 = 3+√2-3 = √2
a3 – a2 = (3+2√2)-(3+√2) = √2
a4 – a3 = (3+3√2) – (3+2√2) = √2
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = √2 andthe given series forms a A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = (3+√2) +√2 = 3+4√2
a6 = (3+4√2)+√2 = 3+5√2
a7 = (3+5√2)+√2 = 3+6√2
Solution
(vi) 0.2, 0.22,0.222, 0.2222 ….
Here,
a2 – a1 = 0.22-0.2 = 0.02
a3 – a2 = 0.222-0.22 = 0.002
a4 – a3 = 0.2222-0.222 =0.0002
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is not same every time.
Therefore, and the given series doesn’t formsa A.P.
Solution
(vii) 0, -4,-8, -12 …
Here,
a2 – a1 = (-4)-0 = -4
a3 – a2 = (-8)-(-4) = -4
a4 – a3 = (-12)-(-8) = -4
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = -4 andthe given series forms a A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = -12-4 = -16
a6 = -16-4 = -20
a7 = -20-4 = -24
Solution
(viii) -1/2, -1/2,-1/2, -1/2 ….
Here,
a2 – a1 = (-1/2) – (-1/2) = 0
a3 – a2 = (-1/2) – (-1/2) = 0
a4 – a3 = (-1/2) – (-1/2) = 0
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = 0 and thegiven series forms a A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = (-1/2)-0 = -1/2
a6 = (-1/2)-0 = -1/2
a7 = (-1/2)-0 = -1/2
Solution
(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27 …
Here,
a2 – a1 = 3-1 = 2
a3 – a2 = 9-3 = 6
a4 – a3 = 27-9 = 18
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is not same every time.
Therefore, and the given series doesn’t form aA.P.
Solution
(x) a, 2a,3a, 4a …
Here,
a2 – a1 = 2a–a = a
a3 – a2 = 3a-2a = a
a4 – a3 = 4a-3a = a
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = a andthe given series forms a A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = 4a+a = 5a
a6 = 5a+a = 6a
a7 = 6a+a = 7a
Solution
(xi) a, a2, a3, a4 …
Here,
a2 – a1 = a2–a =a(a-1)
a3 – a2 = a3 – a2 = a2(a-1)
a4 – a3 = a4 – a3 = a3(a-1)
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is not same every time.
Therefore, the given series doesn’t forms aA.P.
Solution
(xii) √2, √8, √18,√32 …
Here,
a2 – a1 = √8-√2 =2√2-√2 = √2
a3 – a2 = √18-√8 =3√2-2√2 = √2
a4 – a3 = 4√2-3√2 = √2
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = √2 andthe given series forms a A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = √32+√2 = 4√2+√2 = 5√2 = √50
a6 = 5√2+√2 = 6√2 = √72
a7 = 6√2+√2 = 7√2 = √98
Solution
(xiii) √3, √6,√9, √12 …
Here,
a2 – a1 = √6-√3 =√3×√2-√3 = √3(√2-1)
a3 – a2 = √9-√6 =3-√6 = √3(√3-√2)
a4 – a3 = √12 – √9 =2√3 – √3×√3 = √3(2-√3)
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is not same every time.
Therefore, the given series doesn’t form aA.P.
Solution
(xiv) 12,32, 52, 72 …
Or, 1, 9, 25, 49 …..
Here,
a2 − a1 = 9−1 = 8
a3 − a2 = 25−9 = 16
a4 − a3 = 49−25 = 24
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is not same every time.
Therefore, the given series doesn’t form aA.P.
Solution
(xv) 12,52, 72, 73 …
Or 1, 25, 49, 73 …
Here,
a2 − a1 = 25−1 = 24
a3 − a2 = 49−25 = 24
a4 − a3 = 73−49 = 24
Since, an+1 – an orthe common difference is same every time.
Therefore, d = 24 andthe given series forms a A.P.
Hence, next three terms are;
a5 = 73+24 = 97
a6 = 97+24 = 121
a7 = 121+24 = 145