Chapter 4 Landscape of the Soul Solutions
Question - 1 : - Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
- anecdote
- delicate realism
- figurative painting
- illusionistic likeness
- conceptual space
Answer - 1 : -
1. anecdote: From the text, the meaning of anecdote can be inferred as a short account of a particular incident or event, especially of an interesting or exciting nature.
2. delicate realism: It refers to the alluring quality of the art which makes it seem real. It is an interest in or concern for the actual or real as opposed to abstract.
3. illusionistic likeness: It refers to an adjective of the technique of using pictorial methods in order to deceive the eye. The reference is to an illusion created by the semblance of something.
4. figurative painting: A figurative painting refers to the metaphoric representation of a piece of art, through the eyes of the creator’s imagination.
5. conceptual space: It refers to relation with the abstract than the factual representation. This is the incalculable dimension of the understanding of concepts.
Question - 2 : - Find out the correlates of Yin and Yang in other cultures.
Answer - 2 : -
A model answer has been provided for students' reference. However, any other point of view supported by an argument or an explanation would also solve the purpose.
It is strongly recommended that students prepare the answer on their own.
The opposition and combination of the universe’s two basic principles of Yin and Yang is a large part of Taoist religion. Some of the common associations with Yang and Yin, respectively are: male and female, light and dark, active and passive, motion and stillness. The Yin and Yang symbol, in actuality, has very little to do with western dualism; instead, it represents the philosophy of balance, where two opposites co-exist in harmony and are able to transmute into each other.
- In philosophy of science, dualism refers to the dichotomy between the “subject” and the “object”.
- In Vedanta philosophy, Dvaita proposes dualism in consciousness and matter, recognising the difference between Jiva (subordinate soul) and Ishvara (supreme God).
- In Samakya philosophy, there is a clear distinction between self (spirit/consciousness) called Purusha and Matter/Nature called Prakriti.
Question - 3 : - (i) Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view, with examples.
(ii) Explain the concept of shanshui.
Answer - 3 : -
|
| Chinese view of art |
| European view of art |
| 1. | Enhances the essence of inner life and spirit. | i. | Illustrates a perfect, illusionistic likeness in Europe. |
| 2. | This art wants you to enter the artist’s mind to explore new dimensions on a spiritual and conceptual space | ii. | Figurative painting which chooses to use a single viewpoint. |
(ii) Shanshui, meaning “mountain-water”, refers to a style of Chinese painting that involves natural landscapes, the landscape which is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space. It represents the two complementary poles (`yin’ and `young’) reflecting the Daoist view of the universe.
“The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered, but only the artist knows the way within.”
Answer - 4 : -
This sentence explains the fact that even though an Emperor might rule an entire kingdom and have power over his conquered territory, only an artist would be able to go beyond any material appearance. He knows both the path and the method of the mysterious work of the universe. True meaning of his work can be seen only by means known to him, irrespective of how powerful an emperor is.
Question - 5 : - The following commonwords are used in more than one sense.
| panel | studio | brush |
| essence | material |
|
Examine the following sets of sentences to find out what the words, ‘panel’ and ‘essence’ mean in different contexts.
1. (i) The masks from Bawa village in Mali look like long panels of decorated wood.
(ii) Judge H. Hobart Grooms told the jury panel he had heard the reports.
(iii)The panel is laying the groundwork for an international treaty.
(iv)The glass panels of the window were broken.
(v) Through the many round tables, workshops and panel discussions, a consensus was reached.
(vi)The sink in the hinged panel above the bunk drains into the head.
2. (i) Their repetitive structure must have taught the people around the great composer the essence of music.
(ii) Part of the answer is in the proposition; but the essence is in the meaning.
(iii)The implications of these schools of thought are of practical essence for the teacher.
(iv) They had added vanilla essence to the pudding.
Answer - 5 : -
Brush:
- One is advised to brush twice a day.
- She is busy brushing a violet shade on the painting.
- A brush with death made me realise the worth of my life.
- The brush of a squirrel is soft and warm.
- In AC/DC motor, graphite brushes are used to connect the rotating coil with the external circuits.
Studio:
- The painter is busy working on his masterpiece in his studio.
- The photographer’s studio was full of pictures of wildlife.
- Sahil attends five lessons a week in a dance studio in his neighbourhood.
- Contestants are supposed to reach the studio for shooting within half an hour.
- He bought a studio apartment in the USA.
Material:
- People attaining pleasure from material world can never comprehend spirituality completely.
- Raw materials for painting this studio are very expensive.
- Their weekend trip to Leh never materialised.
- The members of the board feet that she was senior manager material.
- Satire was an important material in Shakespeare’s comedies.
Question - 6 : - What is the language spoken in Flanders?
Answer - 6 : -
The only official language in Flanders is Dutch.
Question - 7 : - (i) What do you understand by the terms `outsider art’ and `art brut’ or `raw art’?
(ii) Who was the “untutored genius who created a paradise” and what is the nature of his contribution to art?
Answer - 7 : -
(i) The term `outsider art’ was coined by art critic Roger Cardinal in 1972 as an English synonym for `art brut’ or `raw art’, a label created by French artist Jean Dubuffet. It refers to art created outside the boundaries of culture. It is an art by the untutored geniuses who have received no formal training and have no right to be called artists. These artists are never institutionalised because of their unconventional ideas. They illustrate elaborate fantasy worlds.
(ii) The “untutored genius” who created “paradise” was Nek Chand, an 80- year old creator-director who made the world famous rock garden at Chandigarh. His was an ‘outsider art’ in which he sculpted with stone and recycled materials. He used anything and everything from a tin to a sink to a broken down car to form an artistic piece. One of his famous creations are ‘Women by the Waterfall’.
Question - 8 : - “The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space.”
Answer - 8 : -
This phrase explains The Chinese art from where a Chinese painter wants you to enter his mind rather than borrow his eyes. This is a physical as well as a mental participation. It is a landscape created by the artist to travel up and down, and back again, through the viewer’s eyes. The landscape is not `real’ and can be reached from any point.
Question - 9 : - Find out about as many Indian schools of panting as you can. Write a short note on the distinctive features of each school.
Answer - 9 : -
Various Indian schools of painting are listed below.
- Bengal school of art;
- Patna Qalaam (or, Patna school of painting);
- Madhubani paintings
- Mysore painting
- Patta chitra
- Rajput painting
- Rajasthani painting; etc
Distinctive features of different schools of painting are given below.
Madhubani painting: It is a style of Indian painting, practiced in the Mithila region of Bihar state. They have two-dimensional imagery and the colours used are derived from plants.
Rajasthani paintings: As Hindu-rulers of Rajputana maintained close political and social links to the Mughal court, one can observe strong Mughal influence paintings here. Influenced by the surroundings, miniature paintings have their own unique style; hills and valleys, court assemblies and hunting expeditions, religious festivals, processions and scenes from the life of Lord Krishna–a widely devoted Hindu God in India.
Pattachitra paintings: “Patta” literally means “cloth” and “Chitra” means “picture” in Sanskrit. The pattachitra painting tradition is closely linked with the worship of Lord Jagannath. Stories from the Ramayana, Mahabharata and of Radha and Krishna are the other main themes.
Mysore paintings: It is an important form of classical South Indian painting that originated in the town of Mysore in Karnataka. The themes for most of these paintings are Hindu gods and goddesses and scenes from Hindu mythology.
Question - 10 : - Combine the following sets of ideas to show the contrast between them.
(i) European art tries to achieve a perfect, illusionistic likeness.
(ii)Asian art tries to capture the essence of inner life and spirit.
Answer - 10 : -
While European art tries to achieve a perfect, illusionistic likeness, Asian art, on the other hand, tries to capture the essence of inner life and spirit.