The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over…………… and __________ region.
ARF was established in the year _______
China entered into bilateral relations with __________ (a major country) in 1972.
________ plan influenced the establishment of the organisation for European Economic Cooperation in 1948.
__________ is the organisation of ASEAN that deals with security.

Answer

a. Arunachal Pradesh, and Aksai Chin,

b. 1994,

c. The US,

d. Marshall,

e. Asian Regional Forum.

Question - 5 : - What are the objectives of establishing regional organisations?

Answer - 5 : -

The objective of establishing regional organisations are as given below:

To evolve regional development at par with the fast-growing global economy.
To accelerate economic growth through social progress and cultural development.
To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter.

Question - 6 : - How does geographical proximity influence the formation of regional organisations?

Answer - 6 : -

The geographical proximity influences the formation of regional organisations because:

The countries of a region face similar problems. For example, before and after the Second World War, the South East Asian countries suffered the economic and political consequences of repeated colonialisms, both European and Japanese.
There was no informal cooperation and interaction. Thus, ASEAN was established by South East Asian countries.
There were common problems of nation-building, the ravages of poverty, economic backwardness and the pressure to join one bloc or the other during the Cold War.
If the European Union has succeeded in creation of the European Parliament or to have a common currency i.e., Euro, it is due to their geographical proximity.

Question - 7 : - What are the components of the ASEAN Vision 2020?

Answer - 7 : -

The following are the components of ASEAN Vision 2020:

An outward-looking role for ASEAN in the international community.
To build on the existing ASEAN policy to encourage negotiation over conflicts in the region.
To mediate towards the end of the Cambodian conflict, the East Timor crisis.
To have annual meets to discuss East Asian cooperation.

Question - 8 : - Name the pillars and objectives of ASEAN community.

Answer - 8 : -

ASEAN broadened its objectives beyond the economic and social spheres. In 2003, ASEAN moved along the path of the EU by agreeing to establish an ASEAN Community comprising three pillars namely:

The ASEAN Security Community,
The ASEAN Economic Community
The ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community

Its objectives were:

The objectives of the ASEAN security community was based on the conviction that outstanding territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontation.
The objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community are to create a common market and production base within ASEAN states and to aid social and economic development in the region.
To accelerate economic growth through social progress and cultural development.
To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter.
To establish dispute settlement mechanism to resolve economic disputes.
ASEAN has focused on creating a Free Trade Areas for investments (FTI), labour and services,

Question - 9 : - In what ways does the present Chinese economy differ from its command economy?

Answer - 9 : -

The present Chinese economy differs from its command economy in many ways.

The China economy was based on the Soviet model. The economically backward communist China chose to sever its links with the capitalist world. It had little choice but to fall back on its own resources and, for a brief period, on Soviet aid and advice.
This model allowed China to use its resources to establish the foundations of an industrial economy on a scale that did not exist before. The economy also grew at a respectable rate of 5-6 per cent. But annual growth of 2-3 per cent in population meant that economic growth was insufficient to meet the needs of a growing population.
On the other hand, the present Chinese economy ended its political and economic isolation with the establishment of relations with the United States. It adopted the ‘open door’ policy and economic reforms in China. The policy was to generate higher productivity by investments of capital and technology from abroad.
The new economic policies helped the Chinese economy to break from stagnation. Privatisation of agriculture led to a remarkable rise in agricultural production and rural incomes. The new trading laws and the creation of Special Economic Zones led to a phenomenal rise in foreign trade.
China has become the most important destination for foreign direct investment (FDI) anywhere in the world. It has large foreign exchange reserves that now allow it to make a big investment in other countries.

Question - 10 : - How did the European countries resolve their Post Second World War problem? Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union.

Answer - 10 : -

As the Second World War came to an end, many of Europe’s leaders grappled with the ‘Question of Europe’. The Second World War shattered many of the assumptions and structures on which the European states had based their relations. In 1945, the European states confronted the ruin of their economies and the destruction of the assumptions and structures on which Europe had been founded.

Following attempts were made that led to the formation of the European Union.

European integration after 1945 was aided by the Cold War.
America extended massive financial help for reviving Europe’s economy under what was called the ‘Marshall Plan’.
The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.
Under the Marshall Plan, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established in 1948 to channel aid to the west European states.
The Council of Europe, established in 1949, was another step forward in political cooperation.
The process of the economic integration of European Capitalist countries led to the formation of European Economic Community in 1957. This acquired a political dimension with the creation of the European Parliament.
The collapse of the Soviet bloc put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the establishment of the European Union in 1992.
The foundation was thus laid for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs, and the creation of a single currency.

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