Chapter 1 Human Geography (Nature and Scope) Solutions
Question - 11 : - Name the geographers who advocated ‘Environmental Determinism.’
Answer - 11 : -
German expert Ratzel and his student Ellen Churchill Simple advocated ‘Environmental Determinism.’
Question - 12 : - Who was the founder of Possibilism?
Answer - 12 : -
French expert Lucian Febre and Paul Vidal de la Blache are considered as founders of Possibilism.
Question - 13 : - Who was Griffith Taylor?
Answer - 13 : -
Griffith Taylor was the founder of Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism.
Question - 14 : - What are different fields of Human Geography?
Answer - 14 : -
Fields under Human Geography include: Social Geography, Urban Geography, Political Geography, Population Geography, Settlement Geography and Economic Geography.
Question - 15 : - What are the sub-fields of Economic Geography?
Answer - 15 : -
Sub-fields of Economic Geography are: Geography of Resources, Geography of Agriculture, Geography of Tourism, Geography of Industries, Geography of Marketing and Geography of International Trade.
Question - 16 : - What are the sub-fields of Social Geography?
Answer - 16 : -
Sub-fields of Social Geography are:
Behavioral Geography, Geography of Social Well-being, Geography of Leisure, Cultural Geography, Gender Geography, Historical Geography and Medical Geography.
Question - 17 : - Define Geography in the words of Ellen Churchill Semple.
Answer - 17 : -
According to Ellen C. Semple, “Human geography is the study of the changing relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth”.
Question - 18 : - Define the important concept of Neodeterminism according to Griffith Taylor.
Answer - 18 : -
The concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity (Environmental Determinism) nor is there a condition of absolute freedom (Possibilism). It means that human beings can conquer nature by obeying it. They have to respond to the red signals and can proceed in their pursuits of development when nature permits the modifications. It implies that possibilities can be created within such limits which does not damage the environment and there is no free run without accidents.
Question - 19 : - What do you mean by ‘Dualism in Geography?
Answer - 19 : -
The teaching and learning of Geography has been a matter of debate amongst geographers. Some examples are:
- Whether geographical phenomena be theoretically interpreted or through historic-institutional approach;
- Whether subject matter be organised and approach to study and teach geography should be regional or systematic;
- Whether geography as a discipline should be a law making/theorising or descriptive?
Question - 20 : - State some examples of metaphors used to describe the physical and human phenomena.
Answer - 20 : -
Some examples of metaphors used to describe the physical and human phenomena are as follows:
- “Face’ of the earth.
- ‘Eye’ of the storm.
- Regions, villages, towns have been described as ‘organisms’.
- Networks of roads, railways and water¬ways are described as “arteries of circulation”.
- “Mouth’ of the river.
- ‘Snout’ (nose) of the glacier.
- “Neck’ of the isthmus.
- “Profile’ of the soil.