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Question -

What is meant by the term bond order?Calculate the bond order of: N2, O2and.



Answer -

Bond order is defined asone half of the difference between the number of electrons present in thebonding and anti-bonding orbitals of a molecule.

If Na is equal to thenumber of electrons in an anti-bonding orbital, then Nb is equal to thenumber of electrons in a bonding orbital.

Bondorder = 

If Nb > Na, then the molecule issaid be stable. However, if Nb ≤ Na, then the molecule isconsidered to be unstable.

Bond order of N2 can be calculatedfrom its electronic configuration as:

Number of bonding electrons, Nb = 10

Number of anti-bonding electrons, Na = 4

Bondorder of nitrogen molecule 

= 3

There are 16 electrons ina dioxygen molecule, 8 from each oxygen atom. The electronic configuration ofoxygen molecule can be written as:

Since the 1s orbital of eachoxygen atom is not involved in boding, the number of bonding electrons = 8= Nand the number of anti-bonding electrons = 4= Na.

Bondorder 

= 2

Hence, the bond order ofoxygen molecule is 2.

Similarly,the electronic configuration of  can be written as:

Nb = 8

Na = 3

Bondorder of  

= 2.5

Thus,the bond order of is 2.5.
Theelectronic configuration of  ion will be:

Nb = 8

Na = 5

Bondorder of =

= 1.5

Thus,the bond order of  ionis 1.5.

 


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